Jimmy Pike

Born at Kurntikujarra in the Great Sandy Desert of Western Australia during the Second World War, Walmajarri artist Jimmy Pike was just 13 when his people became some of the last to walk into the European-owned cattle stations that were gradually taking over their desert environment. He became a stockman at Cherrabun station near Fitzroy Crossing, and learnt to ride horses and round up cattle. (Pike's English-language name was borrowed from that of a famous Australian jockey). Nearly twenty years later, he found work as a carpenter building community housing for the Aboriginal settlement at Fitzroy Crossing. A tribal murder in 1980 resulted in his imprisonment in Fremantle, and it was here that he came into contact with the techniques and materials of contemporary art practice. Art teachers Stephen Culley and David Wroth immediately recognized the extraordinary power of his early artistic explorations, including bright texta colour drawings and vigorous linocut designs. ‘We didn’t teach Pike how to make art, he had that intuitive ability already. All we did was open a few doors for him,' they said (As quoted by Counsel 1997: 56). In Fremantle, memory and imagination had helped him to bring the lost years of his childhood back to life and he became determined to renew those sacred connections. It was in prison too that Pike met Pat Lowe, a British-born woman working as a community welfare officer who had dreamed of coming to Australia as a child and had taught in East Africa. On his release in 1986 Pike and Lowe married, and together they returned to his desert homeland where they lived for the next three and a half years. From here he continued to collaborate with Culley and Wroth, who had formed Desert Designs, a conceptual design company that transposed Pike’s traditional imagery and patterns onto fabric, clothing and domestic items. While decorating the body and useful objects fitted well with Aboriginal traditions, Desert Designs managed to maintain the creative and cultural integrity of Pike’s interpretations of ancient iconography while offering a range of new interpretive possibilities. With Jimmy as their artistic leader, the company worked with a number of other artists and created a new industry that developed throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s, ethically manufacturing and licensing Aboriginal designs for some of the world’s most prestigious companies including Sheraton, Hermes, and Oraton amongst others. This created the income that enabled Jimmy Pike to live a free and independent life as an artist in his own country. For here, in the unique physical and spiritual setting of his desert homeland, was the wellspring of Pike’s dynamic creativity, which became identified with its compelling, sinuous line and intense colour. Many of his paintings and prints represented maps and narratives about this country and incorporated decorative patterns his people used on spears, boomerangs or utensils. Yet Pike also brought an individual perspective to his subject matter, which gave his work a very contemporary flavour. His two-dimensional flattened figures and energetic designs conveyed a hard-edge modern sensibility. While he imparted his knowledge and expressed his deep feelings for his ancient traditions, he carried this a step further by responding to more immediate experiences and ideas that fed into his rich and active imagination. Rediscovering and maintaining the sacred sites and waterholes that once sustained his family’s nomadic journeying became Jimmy’s passion and helped him to consolidate the mythological world of ancestors and Dreaming stories that were his people’s spiritual source. When they were not exploring or hunting, Jimmy continued painting and Pat started to write. At home, far away from the hustle and bustle of the rag trade and the fickle art market, Jimmy continued to paint on his rough work table made from old planks, under a brush shade structure, driving 180 kilometres into Fitzroy Crossing every few weeks to drop off the work and pick up supplies. One of the many creative results of his time with Pat Lowe in the desert was Jilji 1990, a fascinating account of desert life and desert living, written by Lowe and illustrated by Pike. It was the first of several collaborations. During the eighties, when the Australian art world was beginning to open its eyes to the different styles and strands of contemporary Aboriginal art, Jimmy Pike’s work was exhibited alongside other Kimberley artists but just as readily fitted in shows featuring the younger urban artists emerging from city art schools that had been brought up in suburban surroundings. His powerful and distinctive use of colour and line reserved him an expressionistic corner in the middle of this growing diversity. Desert Designs was at the same time finding its place as a new icon of Australian fashion and contributing significantly to international perceptions of Australian culture. By the close of the eighties, he had become one of Australia’s most well known Aboriginal artists, receiving important commissions and travelling to the southern cities and overseas for openings and events. As he gained first a national and then an international reputation, he had successful exhibitions in China, the Philippines, South Africa, Italy and England, and produced work relating to his experiences in each of these countries. A gentle but determined man, Jimmy Pike was always patient with curious questioners when he made one of his infrequent visits to the city. Alongside his international fame in the world of art and design, his deep, velvety voice proclaimed his respected position as tribal elder, musician and singer of tribal songs. He was a man of extraordinary energy and mischievous humour. Time spent with him was often full of laughter, as he described the pleasures of eating roast feral cat for Christmas dinner, or explained how he made himself "invisible" when being chased by the police for yet another motoring offense. While he lived with Pat in his isolated desert homeland, they worked on a number of books together. Amongst these were Yinti: desert child (1992), Desert Cowboy (2000) and Jimmy and Pat Meet the Queen (1997) - a delightful fantasy about Aboriginal land rights. In his own quiet way, Jimmy Pike, forced by circumstance into white society, turned his back on it, rekindling his sense of belonging to the land. Though he died of a heart attack on his outstation at sixty-two years of age, his work continues to celebrate that sense of belonging that asserts its core position at the centre of Indigenous identity.

1991 - Jimmy Pike, Rebecca Hossack Gallery, London.
1988 - Birukmarri Gallery, Fremantle; Capricorn Gallery, Port Douglas; Tynte Gallery, Adelaide; Blaxland Gallery, Sydney and Melbourne.
1987 - Ben Grady Gallery, Canberra; Tynte Gallery, Adelaide; Craft Centre Gallery, Sydney; Seibu Shibuya, Tokyo.
1986 - Aboriginal Artists Gallery, Sydney; Black Swan Gallery, Fremantle.
1985 - Aboriginal Artists Gallery, Melbourne.

2004 - Colour Power - Aboriginal Art Post 1984, National Gallery of Victoria, Federation Square, Melbourne.
1993 - The Tenth National Aboriginal Art Award Exhibition, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin; Australian Heritage Commission National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award Exhibition, Old Parliament House, Canberra.; Images of Power, Aboriginal Art of the Kimberley, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
1992->1993 - New Tracks Old Land: An Exhibition of Contemporary Prints from Aboriginal Australia, touring the USA and Australia.
1992 - Working in the Round, Flinders University Art Museum, Adelaide; Crossroads - Towards a New Reality, Aboriginal Art from Australia, National Museums of Modern Art, Kyoto and Tokyo; The Ninth National Aboriginal Art Award Exhibition, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin.
1991 - Flash Pictures, National Gallery of Australia; The Eighth National Aboriginal Art Award Exhibition, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin.
1990 - l'ete Australien à Montpellier, Musee Fabre Gallery, Montpellier, France; Balance 1990: views, visions, influences, QAG, Brisbane.; Contemporary Aboriginal Art from the Robert Holmes a Court Collection, Harvard University, University of Minnesota, Lake Oswego Center for the Arts, United States of America; Tagari Lia: My Family, Contemporary Aboriginal Art 1990 - from Australia, Third Eye Centre, Glasgow, UK;
1989 - Survey of Aboriginal Contemporary Works, The Bloomfield Galleries, Sydney, NSW. Featuring Raymond Meeks, Nyukana Baker, Angkuna Kulyuru, Yipati Kuyata, Makinti, Maria Curley, Nyukana Hatches, Jillian Davey, Yipati Munti, Caroline Tjangala, Mayan Taylor, Dick Roughsey Jimmy Pike, Jack Britten, George Mungmung, Hilda Bird, Pansy Petyarre, Glory Kngale, Nora Petyarre, Emily Kngwarreye, Gloria Petyarre, June Bird, Eileen Bird, Katy Kemarre, Glady Kemarre, Yilla, Old Mick Tajakamara, Maxie Tjampitjinpa, Barney Daniels Thungurrayi, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjari, Kaapa Mbitjana Tjampitjinpa, Pansy Napangarti, Roy Jupurrurla Curtis, Toby Jampijinpa Robertson, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjari, Madeliene Gibson Nungala, Sonda Turner, Samba Pultara, Kinlea Jungala, Elaine Namatjira, Helen Malbunka.
1989 - Prints by Seven Australian Aboriginal Artists, international touring exhibition, through Print Council and Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade; Aboriginal Art: The Continuing Tradition, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra;
1988 - Addendum Gallery, Fremantle; Blaxland Galleries, Sydney; Australian Aboriginal Graphics from the Collection of the Flinders University Art Museum, Flinder University, SA.
1987 - Print Council Gallery, Melbourne; Recent Aboriginal Art of Western Australia, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra; The Fourth National Aboriginal Art Award Exhibition, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin; Galerie Exler, Frankfurt; Art and Aboriginality, Aspex Gallery, Portsmouth, UK.
1985 - Contemporary Aboriginal art, Praxis, Fremantle.
1984 - Her Majesty's Theatre, Perth.

Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Flinders University Art Museum, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Gold Coast City Art Gallery, Surfers Paradise, QLD, Australia
Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT, Australia
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
National Maritime Museum, Darling Harbour, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Parliament House Art Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Holmes à Court Collection, Perth, WA, Australia